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Electrical resonance.

Cables that are long compared to the wavelengths of the disturbances on them can act as resonators. Like any other resonance phenomena, the basic requirement for an observable oscillation is underdamping: the dissipative path for energy is less available than the pathway(s) of storage and return.

Cables that resonate are those with low resistive losses and impedance mismatches at the ends. Unfortunately, this describes just about all audio cables. These cables are short compared to audio wavelengths, but, doubly-unfortunately, the radio frequencies at which they do resonate interact with the audio signal through intermodulation distortion.

Cables resonate in modes that have to do with the number of conductors and their geometry. Simple coax has two basic types of modes: normal and common. A shielded cable has more types. One type involves the shield versus all other conductors. This is what Alan means by the shield "ringing." Even if the shield were to be connected to the audio ground wire at both ends (not recommended for other reasons), it would still support a ringing mode from end-to-end, and that mode would affect the audio in many circumstances.


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